How do I clear the cache on my Android phone without deleting my apps or data?

Two levels. Per app (safe, targeted): Settings > Apps > pick the app > Storage > 'Clear cache'. This dumps temporary files only, your logins, messages and settings stay put. Do it for the big offenders (browser, social, maps) and you often reclaim a few GB. Avoid 'Clear storage/data' right next to it, THAT one resets the app like a fresh install and logs you out. There's no reliable system-wide 'clear all cache' button anymore, so it's app by app, or use Settings > Storage which suggests junk to clear. Cache rebuilds over time, that's normal.

'Clear cache' = safe (temp files). 'Clear storage/data' = nuclear (logs you out, wipes app settings). They sit right next to each other, so tap carefully. Only clear cache unless you actually want to reset the app.

Google removed the old system-wide cache clear, so ignore any 'booster' app claiming to do it in one tap, those are mostly ads. Do it per app in Settings, or use the built-in Storage tool.

Start with your browser and social apps, they hoard the most cache. Clearing Chrome or Instagram alone can free a couple of GB without touching a single message or password.